Hymenachne is a semiaquatic grass that was introduced as fodder in ponded pastures of central queensland. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis weed management guide pdf 466 kbabout the guide. Hymenachne is from the greek hymen meaning membrane and achne meaning chaff, glume, scale and amplexicaulis is from latin, literally embracing the. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, a native of south and central america, is distinct from hymenachne acutigluma steudel gilliland, a native of northern australian flood. Plants profile for hymenachne amplexicaulis west indian. Olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis it has long leaves 100 450mm and the leaf base may be up to 30mm wide and covered with long hairs. Natural enemies of invasive hymenachne amplexicaulis and. Hymenachne amplexicaulis ufifas center for aquatic and. The island has a catholic shrine that attracts devotees from both countries. It has oval to heartshaped midgreen leaves and grows to a height and spread of 4. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne department of agriculture. Azuche hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is a c 3 grass native to tropical flooded areas in.
West indies, tropical central and south america botanical description. It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts. It must not be given away, sold, or released into the environment. Weed management guide hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis hymenachne threatens conservation areas, such as djukbinj national park, nt. Hymenachne amplexicaulis hyvamoverview eppo global database. Pdf 4 pages 60 weed species identified by australia. This page was last edited on 8 december 2019, at 18.
Natural enemies of invasive hymenachne amplexicaulis and its. Prevention, eradication, containment or asset protection are ascribed as objectives. Kumpai padi oryza rupifogon, kumpai minyak hymenachne amplexicaulis, are bolong polygonum barbatum l, bento rayap. Pdf azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, forage. Clasping milkweed asclepias amplexicaulis is a species of milkweed plant. Hymenachne amplexicaulis, also known as west indian marsh grass in the us, olive hymenachne in australia, and hereafter referred to as hymenachne, is new world species in the genus hymenachne. One insect species of 6 17% on the native grass appears to be host specific at the species level. This species is found in prairies and open woodlands, usually in sandy soil. Azuche hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is a c 3 grass native to tropical flooded areas in south and central america with 2n 2x 24. Hymenachne has also been planted as a pasture grass in some patches of.
Hymenachne amplexicaulis is occasionally found growing in wet pastures from the central peninsula to collier county. On seasonally flooded floodplains, it needs over 1 m of water during the wet season to persist. It is native to the west indies and blooms in the fall wunderlin. Pdf a laboratory experiment compared germination of the invasive exotic. A weed or plant may have more than one common name. In rare instances, a publisher has elected to have a zero moving wall, so. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Stems floating, creeping, or ascending to 1 m 3 ft or more in height, sparingly branched, rooting at. Hymenachne amplexicaulis hymenachne spreads by both seeds and vegetation and quickly takes over wetlands. Rapid response to the discovery of olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees on rinyirru lakefield national park. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Bistorta, mountain fleece bistorta amplexicaulis firetail. Hymenachne belongs to the family poaceae and was first characterised by rudge in 1805 as panicum amplexicaule hill 1996. Because it grows so rapidly, it flourishes in wetlands that receive sediment and nutrientrich water, and it may be a good indicator of such pollution. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis current potential hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis hymenachne spreads by both seeds and vegetation and quickly takes over wetlands. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Big flatsfloodplain marsh along the myakka river dominated by west.
In conclusion, with or without katchatheevu, there is a lot that can be done to improve the lot of indian fishermen by weaning them away from mechanised fishing in the coastal waters and in palk straits in the context of dwindling catch and unwanted. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, a native of south and central america, is distinct from hymenachne acutigluma steudel gilliland, a native of northern australian flood plains calder 1981 and. West indian marsh grass hymenachne amplexicaulis invasive. Origin and spread in florida west indian marsh grass is a native of south america and the west indies and has spread to most countries of the neotropics. Manipulation of water levels drying, drowning plants. This page was last edited on 14 september 2017, at 20. Duplachionaspis divergens green a new pest of sugarcane and other grasses in florida hemiptera.
Hymenachne amplexicaulis is a perennial, evergreen grass with robust, decumbent stems 200 350cm long that root and form new growth at the lower nodes. West indian marsh grass, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees poaceae, is one of many species currently invading sensitive wetlands in central and south florida. Grows on dry land and floats in water, stems erect or spreading. Hymenachne can withstand prolonged 40 weeks flooding by growing above floodwaters. Unlike most tropical grasses, hymenachne employs the c3 photosynthetic pathway, which usually results in lower lignin content of the herbage. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis is a weed of national significance and is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, economic and environmental impacts. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees the plant list. It is known in australia as olive hymenachne, or simply as hymenachne, the latter risking confusion with a native species hymenachne acutigluma gilliland 2 wearne et al. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis. Research highlights fourteen insects were recorded on invasive hymenachne amplexicaulis and six on native hymenachne acutigluma in australia. The plant is sometimes harvsted from the wild for local use as a wick. Duplachionaspis divergens green a new pest of sugarcane. While i noticed some large patches last year, this year its everywhere.
About eight species of the genus hymenachne are generally distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. Asclepias amplexicaulis simple english wikipedia, the free. West indian marsh grass hymenachne amplexicaulis1 rodrigo diaz, william a. Hymenachne amplexicaulis west indian marsh grass this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Persicaria amplexicaulis syn bistorta amplexicaulis, polygonum amplexicaule bistort, mountain fleece persicaria amplexicaulis is a clumpforming, leafy, semievergreen perennial from the himalayas. Photographs kindly supplied with the assistance of nsw department of primary industries and queensland government natural resources and mines. Stems floating, creeping, or ascending to 1 m 3 ft or more in height, spar. Leaf blades strongly clasp the stem, prominent lightcoloured hairs at the base. Asclepias amplexicaulis simple english wikipedia, the. No hostspecific insects were recorded on the invasive species. West indian marsh grass hymenachne amplexicaulis, also known as. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees university of florida.
Leaf anatomical characterization of hymenachne amplexicaulis. The upper part of the leaf is narrower and without hairs. Download a page pdf from identification and biology of nonnative plants in. Hymenachne amplexicaulis in the germplasm resources information network. Field surveys in the native range indicated that i.
Pdf the leaf anatomy of 32 ecotypes of azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees pasture grass native to mexico was compared to identify valuable. The asterisk indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation. Hymenachne amplexicaulis, a grass native to the west indies, is by far the dominant grass to be seen in the marshes at the park bridge at this time. Wilson hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis. Hymenachne amplexicaulis in the germplasm resources. The strategy entails geographical differentiation using 21 management zones. Pp1 efficacy evaluation of plant protection products.
Hymenachne amplexicaulis is occasionally found growing in wet pastures from. Amplexicaul definition of amplexicaul by the free dictionary. It has the potential to cause severe impacts on the sugar cane industry, by reducing the quality of crops and infesting irrigation channels. Crude protein levels in whole tops varies from 921 rarely to 30% at different times of year, with leaf levels up to 25% and stem 9%. Export a ris file for endnote, procite, reference manager, zotero, mendeley export a text. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. This armored scale was first recorded in florida and the u.
Cyclarhis gujanensis gmelin brazil, e peru and ne bolivia cyclarhis gujanensis flaviventris or septentrionalis. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis may be confused with the closely related native species hymenachne acutigluma. The moving wall represents the time period between the last issue available in jstor and the most recently published issue of a journal. Hymenachne is a genus of widespread wetlands plants that is in the grass family. This approach could be useful against other widespread invasive plants. Wilson hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis how itspreads hymenachne reproduces from. It has escaped from cultivation as a ponded pasture grass in recent years and now seriously threatens the wetlands of northern. As people in one region may refer to it with one name, others in another region. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis also blocks waterways, potentially causing flooding and threatening drinking water, and blocks drainage and irrigation channels in cropping areas. It can be grown for pasture in natural or artificially inundated pondage areas. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence.
Natural enemies of invasive hymenachne amplexicaulis and its native congener in australia and the potential for biological control. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus hymenachne family poaceae. Hymenachne amplexicaulis florida natural areas inventory. Geographic differentiation of management objectives for. The leaf blade is heartshaped at its base where it clasps around the stem this is a key characteristic of this species. Hill introduction hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, is a robust, rhizomatous perennial grass, spreading on moist soil or floating in water. Clasping the stem, as the bases of certain leaves do. Download a page pdf from identification and biology of nonnative plants in floridas natural areas second edition 1. It is also known as bluntleaved milkweed and sand milkweed. However, these two species can be distinguished by the following differences. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under. Tropical and subtropical regions on dry land or floating in water up to one metre deep kowari editorial committee 1991. To assess whether this insect could be considered as a specialist.
The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 419660 with original publication details. In aquatic plants, aerenchyma allows the easy movement of oxygen from the leaves to the roots. Read geographic differentiation of management objectives for invasive species. Large masses of decomposing hymenachne may use all oxygen in water, leading to fish kills. Wearne and others published the biology of australian weeds 56.
The agriculture victoria website has information about the noxious weed classification of this species. This document is eny693, one of a series of the entomology and nematology department, ufifas extension. Media in category hymenachne amplexicaulisthis category contains only the following file. It has potential as a nutrient sink and sediment trap in situations. Hymenachne is from the greek hymen meaning membrane and achne meaning chaff, glume, scale and amplexicaulis is from latin, literally embracing the stem or stem. Spraying an entire heavy infestation can cause hymenachne to sink and result in biological hazards from rotting vegetation. Pdf leaf anatomical characterization of hymenachne.
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